Experts are calling for a global effort to identify “positive tipping points” to accelerate the green transition – and have devised a method to find them in a new academic paper.
A tipping point is a threshold where a small change can trigger a significant, often irreversible, transformation. Positive tipping points in human societies and economies can spark rapid reductions in emissions and other environmental harm, even as climate breakdown becomes increasingly damaging and dangerous.
The paper has been published in the journal Sustainability Science and is titled: “A method to identify positive tipping points to accelerate low-carbon transitions and actions to trigger them.”
Tipped
Some positive tipping points are already happening – with solar power and electric vehicles rapidly displacing fossil-fuelled alternatives – but many more are needed to ensure a sustainable future.
“The global economy is decarbonising at least five times too slowly to meet the Paris Agreement target of limiting global warming to well below 2°C,” said Professor Tim Lenton, from the Global Systems Institute at the University of Exeter.
“The challenge now is to identify potential positive tipping points, and the actions that can bring them forward – while avoiding wishful thinking about their existence, or oversimplification of their nature, drivers and impacts.”
The paper – by an international team of researchers – sets out a methodology for identifying positive tipping points, assessing their proximity, identifying the factors that can influence them, and the actions that can trigger them.
This includes looking for evidence that a system, or a similar system, has “tipped” in the past.
Banning
Another factor is whether there is potential for “self-propelling uptake” of zero- or low-carbon behaviours, products and/or technologies.
For example, as more people buy electric cars, the performance, price and infrastructure improve – making it easier for others to follow, and thereby accelerating the transition.
“We know positive tipping can happen in sectors such as power and road transport, and we think the UK is close to a tipping point in the uptake of heat pumps,” said Dr Steve Smith, also from Exeter’s Global Systems Institute.
“In other sectors there is little sign of approaching tipping points and in a few, such as nuclear power and concrete production, we should not expect there to be tipping points at all.”
Dr Smith highlighted the potential for beneficial change that may seem unlikely before it happens – such as the banning of smoking in public places in the UK.
Accelerate
“Other transformations – such as a major shift away from meat consumption – might also be more likely than they appear,” he said.
“With supportive policies, meat-free options becoming cheaper and better, and social influence, we could see a major impact on meat consumption – and potentially a tipping point with benefits for climate and health.”
The team’s methodology aims to establish a common framework for finding positive tipping points – and they invite fellow researchers to help refine it, and practitioners to apply it.
Professor Frank Geels, from the Manchester Institute of Innovation Research at the University of Manchester, added: “The increased understanding of positive tipping points and improved methods for investigating them are important because they provide empirically validated templates for accelerated net-zero transitions.
“These offer crucial antidotes to the doom and gloom that seems to permeate climate mitigation debates in policy and mass media.”
This Author
Brendan Montague is editor of The Ecologist. This article is based on a press release from the University of Exeter.
