Lake Jualbup, a cherished urban wetland in the City of Subiaco, has successfully reversed a devastating trend of avian botulism outbreaks thanks to a strategic partnership between the City and water management specialists PASES Aqua Pty Ltd.
In late autumn of 2024, an outbreak of avian botulism at the lake resulted in the deaths of more than 40 birds, including ducks, swans, and other local waterbirds, causing significant concern within the community. Avian botulism is a paralytic disease caused by a naturally occurring bacterium that thrives in low-oxygen water conditions, often exacerbated by drought and warm weather.
Following the successful implementation of new biological treatments and solar-powered technology in early 2025, no further botulism outbreaks have been detected.
City of Subiaco CEO Colin Cameron confirmed the proactive approach taken to safeguard the lake’s ecosystem.
“Avian botulism is a naturally occurring seasonal issue across Perth, and was most recently detected at Lake Jualbup in Shenton Park in late autumn 2024,” Mr. Cameron said. “Following a period of drought, which resulted in lower water levels than usual, the City engaged PASES Aqua Pty Ltd to provide strategies to improve the water quality and mitigate future avian botulism outbreaks at the lake. Treatments including anaerobic bacterial and enzyme treatments in January 2025, and the installation of two new solar powered paddle aerators in April 2025, are playing a significant role in reducing the risk of future botulism outbreaks and maintaining optimum oxygen levels within the lake’s ecosystem.”
The Challenge at Lake Jualbup
Constructed wetlands like Lake Jualbup are vital habitats for wildlife. However, low water levels, stagnant water, and a build-up of organic nutrients can deplete oxygen, creating ideal conditions for the Clostridium botulinum bacterium to multiply and produce toxins. Once infected, birds suffer from paralysis and often cannot survive without intervention.
“Our goal was to show that we can combat these seasonal issues using a combination of beneficial bacteria, enzymes, and targeted aeration technology,” said Dr. Dulana Herath, Founder of PASES Aqua Pty Ltd.
“Natural fluctuations in water level meant that solar paddle wheel aerators were the perfect solution to improve oxygen levels at low water depths. This directly improves water quality and creates an environment where botulism is far less likely to develop. We also applied anaerobic bacterial treatments and enzymes into stagnant areas which may have been potential hotspots for Clostridium.”
A Targeted Solution
In early 2025, PASES Aqua rolled out a multi-stage water improvement program at Lake Jualbup:
January 2025: Application of anaerobic bacterial treatments (BBA Biosolutions) and enzymes (Ozipond Lakefix) to break down organic sludge and reduce the nutrient load that fuels harmful bacteria.
January 2025: Revegetation of banks and some inner areas with trees and plants to soak up nutrients in the lake sediment.
April 2025: Installation of two solar-powered paddle wheel aerators to continuously circulate the water, increasing dissolved oxygen levels and preventing stagnation.
This combined approach has led to a dramatic improvement. Since the treatments, water quality at the lake has stabilized, and only less than a handful of isolated bird deaths have been recorded most likely due to other natural courses, with no further botulism outbreaks confirmed.
A Practical Model for Other Wetlands
“This project demonstrates that there are effective, environmentally responsible alternatives for managing water quality and botulism outbreaks in urban wetlands,” said Dr. Herath.
“Many wetlands across Perth and Australia face similar challenges. Solar aeration combined with biological treatment offers a cost-effective and sustainable way forward.”
Improving wetland health is a vital step in protecting Australia’s unique wildlife. The successful outcome at Lake Jualbup is now being shared with other councils and environmental managers as a practical model for protecting waterbirds and enhancing the health of urban waterways.
“Saving Perth’s waterbirds is possible when we apply the right knowledge and tools,” concluded Dr. Herath. “We are proud to have partnered with the City of Subiaco to show this can be achieved in a practical and sustainable way.”
About PASES Aqua
PASES Aqua is a leading provider of pond, lake and aquarium services in Perth and Sydney. Founded by biologist Dr Dulana Herath in 2013, we specialise in pond cleaning, pond maintenance, pond repairs, and full lake management. Our expert team works across natural pools, aquaponics, aquaculture, and custom water features. We also supply native fish, lake fountains, and aerators. With the largest aquatic services team in WA and NSW, we serve residential, commercial and government clients, helping build and maintain thriving aquatic ecosystems.
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